Non-pharmacological conservative spine care access including spinal manipulation for patients from an urban hospital emergency department, minor treatment, and spine surgery triage clinics: year one of a single-group pre-test post-test pilot study

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Clinical practice guidelines recommend non-pharmacological pain management, including spinal manipulation (SM), for acute and chronic spine pain. Conservative spine care (CSC) access can be limited by financial barriers. The study objective was to describe characteristics and outcomes of referrals to a no-cost university-based CSC clinic over 1-year. We hypothesized pain, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and disability improvements would temporally align with SM treatment.

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